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Chapter 2. Securing Your Network
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• IPTABLES_STATUS_NUMERIC — Outputs IP addresses in numeric form instead of domain or
hostnames. This directive accepts the following values:
• yes — The default value. Returns only IP addresses within a status output.
• no — Returns domain or hostnames within a status output.
2.6.5. IPTables and IPv6
If the iptables-ipv6 package is installed, netfilter in Red Hat Enterprise Linux can filter the next-
generation IPv6 Internet protocol. The command used to manipulate the IPv6 netfilter is ip6tables.
Most directives for this command are identical to those used for iptables, except the nat table is
not yet supported. This means that it is not yet possible to perform IPv6 network address translation
tasks, such as masquerading and port forwarding.
Rules for ip6tables are saved in the /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables file. Previous rules saved by
the ip6tables initscripts are saved in the /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables.save file.
Configuration options for the ip6tables init script are stored in /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-
config, and the names for each directive vary slightly from their iptables counterparts.
For example, the iptables-config directive IPTABLES_MODULES:the equivalent in the
ip6tables-config file is IP6TABLES_MODULES.
2.6.6. Additional Resources
Refer to the following sources for additional information on packet filtering with iptables.
• Section 2.5, “Firewalls” — Contains a chapter about the role of firewalls within an overall security
strategy as well as strategies for constructing firewall rules.
2.6.6.1. Installed IP Tables Documentation
• man iptables — Contains a description of iptables as well as a comprehensive list of targets,
options, and match extensions.
2.6.6.2. Useful IP Tables Websites
• http://www.netfilter.org/ — The home of the netfilter/iptables project. Contains assorted information
about iptables, including a FAQ addressing specific problems and various helpful guides by
Rusty Russell, the Linux IP firewall maintainer. The HOWTO documents on the site cover subjects
such as basic networking concepts, kernel packet filtering, and NAT configurations.
• http://www.linuxnewbie.org/nhf/Security/IPtables_Basics.html — An introduction to the way packets
move through the Linux kernel, plus an introduction to constructing basic iptables commands.
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 1
- Security Guide 1
- Edition 1.5 2
- 1. Document Conventions 7
- 1.2. Pull-quote Conventions 8
- 2. We Need Feedback! 9
- Security Overview 11
- 1.1.1.2. Security Today 12
- 1.1.2. SELinux 13
- 1.1.3. Security Controls 13
- 1.1.4. Conclusion 14
- 1.2. Vulnerability Assessment 15
- 1.2.3. Evaluating the Tools 17
- 1.2.3.2. Nessus 18
- 1.2.3.3. Nikto 18
- 1.3.1.1. Shades of Gray 19
- 1.3.2.1.1. Broadcast Networks 20
- 1.3.3.2. Unpatched Services 21
- 1.3.4.1. Bad Passwords 22
- 1.5. Security Updates 25
- 1.5.4. Applying the Changes 27
- Applying the Changes 29
- Securing Your Network 31
- /sbin/grub-md5-crypt 32
- 2.1.3. Password Security 33
- 2.1.3.2.2. Passphrases 37
- 2.1.3.2.3. Password Aging 37
- 2.1.4.1. Allowing Root Access 39
- 2.1.4.3. Limiting Root Access 42
- 2.1.4.3.2. The sudo Command 43
- 2.1.5.1. Risks To Services 44
- 2.1.5.3. Insecure Services 46
- 2.1.6. Personal Firewalls 47
- 2.2. Server Security 48
- 220-Hello, %c 49
- 2.2.1.2.1. Setting a Trap 50
- 2.2.2. Securing Portmap 52
- 2.2.3. Securing NIS 52
- 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.0 54
- 2.2.4. Securing NFS 55
- UserDir enabled 56
- UserDir disabled root 56
- 2.2.6. Securing FTP 57
- 2.2.6.2. Anonymous Access 58
- 2.2.6.3. User Accounts 58
- 2.2.7. Securing Sendmail 59
- 2.2.7.3. Mail-only Users 60
- 2.3. TCP Wrappers and xinetd 61
- 2.3.1. TCP Wrappers 62
- [root@myServer ~]# 63
- 2.3.2.1.1. Wildcards 65
- 2.3.2.1.4. Operators 67
- 2.3.2.2. Option Fields 68
- 2.3.2.2.4. Expansions 69
- 2.3.3. xinetd 70
- 2.3.4.3.1. Logging Options 72
- 2.3.5. Additional Resources 75
- 2.3.5.3. Related Books 76
- 2.4.1. How Does a VPN Work? 77
- 2.4.2. Openswan 77
- 2.4.2.3. Commands 78
- 2.5. Firewalls 79
- 2.5.1. Netfilter and IPTables 81
- 2.5.2.3. Trusted Services 83
- 2.5.2.4. Other Ports 83
- 2.5.3. Using IPTables 84
- 2.5.5. FORWARD and NAT Rules 86
- 2.5.5.2. Prerouting 88
- 2.5.5.3. DMZs and IPTables 88
- 2.5.8. IPv6 90
- 2.5.9. Additional Resources 90
- 2.6. IPTables 91
- 2.6.2.2. Command Options 94
- 2.6.2.4.1. TCP Protocol 97
- 2.6.2.4.2. UDP Protocol 98
- 2.6.2.4.3. ICMP Protocol 98
- 2.6.2.5. Target Options 99
- 2.6.3. Saving IPTables Rules 101
- 2.6.5. IPTables and IPv6 104
- 2.6.6. Additional Resources 104
- Encryption 105
- 3.5. Virtual Private Networks 106
- 3.6. Secure Shell 106
- 3.7. OpenSSL PadLock Engine 106
- 3.8. LUKS Disk Encryption 107
- Important 108
- 3.8.5. Links of Interest 109
- Security 113
- Secure Installation 115
- Software Maintenance 117
- 7.1. Introduction 119
- (NISPOM) 120
- References 121
- A.1. Synchronous Encryption 123
- A.2. Public-key Encryption 124
- A.2.2. RSA 125
- A.2.3. DSA 125
- A.2.4. SSL/TLS 125
- A.2.6. ElGamal Encryption 126
- Appendix B. Revision History 127
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