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254 z/VM and Linux on IBM System z: The Virtualization Cookbook for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0
14.3 Monitoring Linux
Measurements can show resource consumption of the Linux guest as measured and
dispatched by the VM host. It is also possible to measure performance data from within the
Linux guest itself. To monitor Linux performance data at this level, a data gatherer process
must be running within each Linux guest you want to monitor. There are different ways of
gathering this data. The data should be gathered in the kernel. All modern Linux distributions
have been enabled for the kernel to gather performance data.
14.3.1 Monitoring Linux performance data from the kernel
To monitor Linux performance data directly from the kernel, the following items must be true:
1. The APPLMON option must be set in the user directory.
2. Applmon data monitoring must be built into the kernel.
The first requirement should be true, as the OPTION APPLMON was set for the cloner, the
golden image, and for Linux user IDs in earlier sections.
For the second requirement, refer to Chapter 13, “Writing kernel APPLDATA records”, in
Linux on System z Device Drivers, Features and Commands on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,
found at the following address:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/documentation_red_hat.html
A quick description about how to use this built-in monitoring function follows.
Perform the following steps:
1. Start an SSH session to a Linux system. In this example, LINUX01 is used.
2. There are three modules that are built into the kernel but are not loaded by default. They
are named appldata_mem, appldata_os, and appldata_net_sum. You can verify that they
are not loaded by using the lsmod and grep commands:
# lsmod | grep appldata
3. There is no output, so no modules with the appldata string are loaded. Load those
modules by using the modprobe command and verify that they have been loaded:
# modprobe appldata_mem
# modprobe appldata_os
# modprobe appldata_net_sum
Now if you repeat the lsmod command, you should see the following output:
# lsmod | grep appldata
appldata_net_sum 1844 0
appldata_os 2987 0
appldata_mem 1966 0
4. The directory in the virtual /proc/ file system where the monitoring variables exist is
/proc/sys/appldata/. In this directory, there are five files:
timer Controls whether any data gathering is in effect.
interval Sets the interval, in milliseconds, that samples will be taken.
mem Controls the memory data gathering module.
os Controls the CPU data gathering module.
net_sum Controls the net data gathering module.
- Enterprise Linux 6.0 1
- February 2011 3
- First Edition (February 2011) 4
- Contents 5
- Contents v 7
- Contents vii 9
- Trademarks 12
- Chapters and appendixes 13
- Conventions 14
- The team who wrote this book 15
- Special thanks 15
- Comments welcome 16
- Preface xv 17
- Summary of changes 19
- 1.1 What is virtualization 23
- 1.4 Infrastructure design 24
- Planning 27
- 2.1 Bill of materials 28
- 2.2 z/VM conventions 29
- Real address 30
- LPAR identifier 30
- 2.3 Disk planning 31
- 2.4 Memory planning 32
- 2.5 Password planning 32
- 2.6 Planning worksheets 33
- 2.7 Blank worksheets 36
- 2.7.2 z/VM DASD worksheet 37
- Configuring a desktop machine 39
- Figure 3-2 Setting logging 41
- Saving sessions 43
- 3.2 Setting up a VNC client 44
- 3.3 3270 emulators 45
- Figure 4-3 Recovery menu 51
- Running INSTDVD 57
- Figure 4-11 Load window 58
- 4.2 Configuring TCP/IP 61
- 4.6 Adding paging volumes 70
- Using the CPFORMAT EXEC 72
- 4.6.4 Testing the changes 76
- 4.8.2 Testing the changes 83
- 4.9.1 VM security products 84
- clipping the volumes 90
- Servicing z/VM 93
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 75 95
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 77 97
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 79 99
- S9338801 in this example): 100
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 81 101
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 85 105
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 87 107
- 5.4 Applying a PTF 108
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 89 109
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 91 111
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 93 113
- Chapter 5. Servicing z/VM 95 115
- Configuring an NFS/FTP server 117
- 6.4 Enabling the NFS server 120
- 7.1 Installing the cloner 126
- Figure 7-2 NFS setup panel 135
- 7.2 Configuring the cloner 147
- 7.2.8 Configuring SSH keys 153
- 7.2.12 Rebooting the system 155
- 7.2.13 Verifying the changes 155
- Figure 8-4 166
- 8.2.7 Configuring SSH keys 172
- 8.2.10 Rebooting the system 173
- 8.2.11 Verifying the changes 173
- Detaching the source disks 180
- 9.4.3 Using the clone script 185
- 9.6 Reviewing system status 193
- 11.1.2 Testing Apache 202
- 11.1.3 Turning on a firewall 203
- 11.1.6 Apache resources 205
- 11.2.3 Adding an LDAP user 207
- 11.3.4 Adding a Samba user 212
- 11.3.6 Testing your changes 213
- 11.3.7 Configuring printing 215
- 11.4.1 Additional resources 217
- Servicing Linux with Red Hat 219
- Miscellaneous tasks 223
- 13.1 Adding DASD 224
- 13.2 Adding a logical volume 226
- Volume Group - homevg 227
- 13.4 Adding SCSI/FCP disks 233
- 4014402600000000. Change the 235
- 13.5 Rescuing a Linux system 239
- 13.9 The X Window System 251
- Using PuTTY 254
- Using embedded SSH 256
- INIDICATE LOAD 260
- INDICATE QUEUES EXP 261
- Getting help 262
- Determining who is logged on 262
- Determining storage or memory 263
- Determining processors 263
- 14.2.3 Configuring PERFSVM 266
- Using a web browser interface 270
- Using a 3270 interface 272
- 14.3 Monitoring Linux 274
- References 277
- Cheat sheets 278
- A vi cheat sheet 279
- Additional material 281
- Related publications 283
- Online resources 284
- Help from IBM 285
- Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0 293
- Back cover 296
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