Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Scaricare il pdf (Pagina 100)

100 Chapter 7. X Servers and Clients

7.2. The XFree86 Server

Red Hat Linux uses XFree86 4 as the base X Window System, which includes the various necessary X

libraries, fonts, utilities, documentation, and development tools. To provide maximum compatibility

with older hardware, as well as hardware that is not currently well supported by XFree86 4, Red Hat

Linux also provides the older XFree86 3 Server packages. Both XFree86 server versions differ in

design methodologies and, as such, vary in features as well as conﬁguration details.

The primary X server (XFree86 4) includes many cutting edge XFree86 technology enhancements

such as hardware 3D acceleration support, the XRender extension for anti-aliased fonts, a modular

driver based design, support for modern video hardware and input devices, and many other features.

In contrast, the XFree86 3 server packages are standalone non-modular X servers, each of which

act as a display driver for speciﬁc video hardware. If you are using an XFree86 3 server, you must

have the speciﬁc X server for your particular video card installed. These older servers do not support

many features found only in the newer XFree86 4 servers and are only included for compatibility. The

XFree86 3 backward compatibility servers are now deprecated and will eventually be removed from

future releases of Red Hat Linux.

The Red Hat Linux installation program installs the base components of XFree86, any optional

XFree86 packages you may choose to install, the XFree86 4 X server, and any XFree86 3 X server

packages that may be needed for your hardware.

The X Window System resides primarily in two locations in the ﬁle system.

/usr/X11R6

A directory containing X client binaries (the bin directory), assorted header ﬁles (the include

directory), libraries (the lib directory), and manual pages (the man directory), and various other

X documentation (the /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/ directory).

/etc/X11

The /etc/X11 directory hierarchy contains all of the conﬁguration ﬁles for the various com-

ponents that make up the X Window System. This includes conﬁguration ﬁles for the X server

itself, the font server (xfs), the X Display Manager (xdm), and many other base components.

Display managers such as gdm and kdm, as well as various window managers, and other X tools

also store their conﬁguration in this hierarchy.

XFree86 version 4 server is a single binary executable — /usr/X11R6/bin/XFree86. This server

dynamically loads various X server modules at runtime from the /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/ direc-

tory including video drivers, font engine drivers, and other modules as needed. Some of these modules

are automatically loaded by the server, whereas some are optional features that you must specify in the

XFree86 4 server’s conﬁguration ﬁle /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 before they can be used. The video

drivers for XFree86 4 are located in the /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/drivers/ directory. The DRI

hardware accelerated 3D drivers are located in the /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/dri/ directory.

XFree86 version 3 servers are individual X server binaries, each of which drive a certain range of video

hardware. The installed XFree86 server binaries can be found in the /usr/X11R6/bin/ directory

with names in the format of XF86_server-type, where server-type is the name of the server

used. There are many different XFree86 3 servers including the basic XF86_VGA16 and XF86_SVGA

servers, as well as more specialized accelerated servers such as XF86_Mach64, XF86_S3, XF86_AGX.

7.2.1. XFree86 Server Conﬁguration Files

The XFree86 server conﬁguration ﬁles are stored in the /etc/X11/ directory. Since the XFree86 4

and XFree86 3 servers use a different conﬁguration ﬁle syntax which are incompatible with each other,

each has its own separate conﬁguration ﬁle. The XFree86 4 server uses /etc/X11/XF86Config-4,

while XFree86 3 uses /etc/X11/XF86Config for X server conﬁguration. When Red Hat Linux is

installed, conﬁguration ﬁles for both XFree86 versions are created using information gathered during

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 100

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 100

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