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104 Chapter 7. X Servers and Clients

• InputDevice — The names of any InputDevice sections to be used with the XFree86

server. Most users will only have two lines here, Keyboard0 and Mouse0, the ﬁrst keyboard

and mouse conﬁgured for the system. The options CoreKeyboard and CorePointer refer to

the fact that these are the preferred keyboard and mouse, respectively, to use with the XFree86

server.

• Screen — The name of the Screen section to use. The number to the left of the name of the

Screen section refers to the particular screen number to use in a multi-head conﬁguration.

For standard single-head video cards, this value is 0. The numbers to the right give the X and

Y absolute coordinates for the upper-left corner of the screen, by default 0 0.

Below is an example of a typical screen entry:

Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0

For more information, refer to the XF86Config man page.

To review the current conﬁguration of your XFree86 server, type the xset -q command. This pro-

vides you with information about your keyboard, pointer, screen saver, and font paths.

7.3. Desktop Environments and Window Managers

The conﬁguration of an XFree86 server is useless until accessed by an X client that will use it to

display a program using the hardware controlled by the X server. X clients are programs designed to

take advantage of the X server’s hardware, usually to provide interactivity with a user.

You do not have to run a complicated window manager in conjunction with a particular desktop

environment to use X client applications. Assuming that you are not already in an X environment

and do not have an .xinitrc ﬁle in your home directory, type the xinit command to start X with

a basic terminal window (the default xterm application). You will see that this basic environment

utilizes your keyboard, mouse, video card, and monitor with the XFree86 server, using the server’s

hardware preferences. Type exit at the xterm prompt to leave this basic X environment.

Of course, most computer users require more features and utility from their GUI. Developers have

added layers of features to create highly developed and interactive environments that utilize the full

power of the XFree86 server. These layers break into two fundamental groups based on their purpose.

7.3.1. Window Managers

Window managers are X client programs that control the way other X clients are positioned, resized,

or moved. Window managers can also provide titlebars to windows, keyboard focus by keyboard or

mouse, and user-speciﬁed key and mouse button bindings. Window managers work with a collection

of different X clients, wrapping around the program, making it look a certain way and appear on the

screen in a particular place.

A variety of window managers are included with Red Hat Linux:

• twm — The minimalist Tab Window Manager, which provides the most basic toolset of any of the

window managers.

• fvwm2 — A derivative of the twm window manager incorporating a 3D look with low memory

requirements.

• sawfish — The default window manager for the GNOME desktop environment, which can be

used without GNOME.

• wmaker — WindowMaker is a full-featured GNU window manager designed to emulate the look

and feel of the NEXTSTEP environment.

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