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Chapter 2. The /proc File System 25

1.16 1.2 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x01 99% 1792 min

In this state, the apm command yields readable information from this data:

APM BIOS 1.2 (kernel driver 1.16)

AC off-line, battery status high: 99% (1 day, 5:52)

This demonstrates the connection between data located in raw /proc ﬁles and the utilities designed

to use that information for speciﬁc purposes.

2.2.2. /proc/cmdline

This ﬁle essentially shows the parameters passed to the kernel at the time it is started. A sample

/proc/cmdline ﬁle looks similar to this:

ro root=/dev/hda2

The important data contained in the ﬁle breaks down in the following way:

• ro — signiﬁes the kernel is loaded read-only.

• root=/dev/hda2 — this is the partition on which the root ﬁle system resides.

2.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo

This ﬁle changes based on the type of processor in your system. The output is fairly easy to understand.

A sample ﬁle looks like this:

processor : 0

vendor_id : AuthenticAMD

cpu family : 5

model : 9

model name : AMD-K6(tm) 3D+ Processor

stepping : 1

cpu MHz : 400.919

cache size : 256 KB

fdiv_bug : no

hlt_bug : no

f00f_bug : no

coma_bug : no

fpu : yes

fpu_exception : yes

cpuid level : 1

wp : yes

flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 pge mmx syscall 3dnow k6_mtrr

bogomips : 799.53

• processor — Provides each processor with an identifying number. If you only have one proces-

sor, you will only see a 0.

• cpu family — Authoritatively tells you the type of processor you have in the system. Simply

place the number in front of "86" to calculate the value. This is particularly helpful if you are

wondering about the architecture of an older system (686, 586, 486, or 386). As RPM packages are

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 25