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Chapter 7. X Servers and Clients 107

xdm display managers to ﬁnd one to use. Once one is found, prefdm launches it to handle the user

Each of the display managers look to the /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0 ﬁle to set up the login screen.

Once the user logs into the system, the /etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole script runs to assign own-

ership of the console to the user. Then, the /etc/X11/xdm/Xsession script runs to accomplish

many of the tasks normally done by the xinitrc script when starting X in runlevel 3, including set-

ting system and user resources, as well as running the scripts in the /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/

directory.

The user can specify which desktop environment they want to utilize when they authenticate using the

gdm or kdm display managers by selecting it from the Session menu. If the desktop environment is not

speciﬁed in the display manager, the /etc/X11/xdm/Xsession script will check the .xsession

and .Xclients ﬁles in the user’s home directory to decide which desktop environment to load. As a

last resort, the /etc/X11/xinit/Xclients ﬁle is used to select a desktop environment or window

manager to use in the same way as runlevel 3.

When the user ﬁnishes an X session on the default display (:0) and logs out, the

/etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole script runs and reassigns ownership of the console to the root user.

The original display manager, which continued running after the user logged in, takes control by

spawning a new display manager. This restarts the XFree86 server, displays a new login window, and

starts the entire process over again.

For more information about how display managers control user authentication, read the xdm man page.

7.5. Fonts

Red Hat Linux uses xfs (X Font Server) to provide fonts to the XFree86 server and the X client

applications that connect to it. While it is possible to not use xfs and place the paths to font directories

in your XF86Config and XF86Config-4 conﬁguration ﬁles, xfs has several advantages:

• It is easier to add and remove fonts, including editing the font path. The font path is a collection of

paths in the ﬁle system where font ﬁles are stored. The xfs service keeps the font path out of the

XFree86 conﬁguration ﬁles, making it easier to edit.

• Fonts may be stored on one machine acting as a networked font server and can be shared among

multiple X servers over the network. A common set of fonts can be maintained in one place and

easily shared between all users.

• More types of fonts are supported. xfs can handle TrueType, Type1, and bitmap fonts.

The XFree86 conﬁguration ﬁles know whether to use xfs or hard coded font paths because of the

FontPath setting in their Files sections. By default, the FontPath is set to unix/:7100. This

tells the XFree86 server to connect to port 7100 using an inner-machine communication link. The

xfs server listening on this port will respond with font information when queried by the XFree86

server.

The xfs service must be running when X is started. If it is not, you will be returned to a command

prompt with an error similar to failed to set default font path ’unix/:7100’. Check to

see if xfs is running using the ps aux | grep xfs command. By default, xfs is set to start in

runlevels 2, 3, 4, and 5, covering all runlevels where you would run X. If xfs is not running on

your system, you can start it as root using the /sbin/service xfs start command. Use the

/usr/sbin/ntsysv, serviceconf, or /sbin/chkconfig utilities to force it to start at the cor-

rect runlevels. For more on conﬁguring services for a particular runlevel, refer to the chapter titled

Controlling Access to Services in the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Customization Guide

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 107

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