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Chapter 16. Email 213

a .procmailrc ﬁle in the user’s home directory to ﬁnd rules speciﬁc to that user. Many users also

create additional rc ﬁles of their own for Procmail that are referred to by their .procmailrc ﬁle but

may be turned on or off quickly if a mail ﬁltering problem develops.

By default, no system-wide rc ﬁles exist in the /etc directory, and no user .procmailrc ﬁles exist.

To begin using Procmail, you will need to construct a .procmailrc ﬁle with particular environment

variables and recipes explaining what you would like to do with certain messages.

In most conﬁgurations, the decision as to whether Procmail starts and attempts to ﬁlter your email is

based the existence of a user’s .procmailrc ﬁle. To disable Procmail, but save your work on the

.procmailrc ﬁle, move it to a similar ﬁle’s name using the mv ~/.procmailrc ~/.procmail-

rcSAVE command. When you are ready to begin testing Procmail again, change the name of the ﬁle

back to .procmailrc. Procmail will begin working again immediately.

16.5.1. Procmail Conﬁguration

Procmail conﬁguration ﬁles, most notably the user’s .procmailrc, contain important environmental

variables. These variables tell Procmail which messages to sort, what to do with the messages that do

not match any recipes, and so on.

These environmental variables usually appear in the .procmailrc ﬁle at the beginning, in the fol-

lowing format, each on their own line:

env-variable =" value "

Figure 16-7. Structure of an environmental variable line

In this example, the env-variable is the name of the variable, and the value section deﬁnes

the variable.

Many environment variables are not used by most Procmail users, and many of the more important

environment variables are already deﬁned a default value. Most of the time, you will be dealing with

the following variables:

• DEFAULT — Sets the default mailbox where messages that do not match any recipes will be placed.

The default DEFAULT value is the same as $ORGMAIL.

• INCLUDERC — Speciﬁes additional rc ﬁles containing more recipes for messages to be checked

against. This allows you to break up your Procmail recipe lists into individual ﬁles that fulﬁll

different roles, such as blocking spam and managing email lists, that can then be turned off or on

by using comment characters in the user’s .procmailrc ﬁle.

For example, two lines in a user’s .procmailrc ﬁle may look like this:

MAILDIR=$HOME/Msgs

INCLUDERC=$MAILDIR/lists.rc

INCLUDERC=$MAILDIR/spam.rc

Figure 16-8. Example of the INCLUDERC option in use

If the user would like to turn off the Procmail ﬁltering of their email lists but leave spam control in

place, they could simple comment out the ﬁrst INCLUDERC line with a # character.

• LOCKSLEEP — Sets the amount of time, in seconds, between attempts by Procmail to use a partic-

ular lockﬁle. The default is eight seconds.

• LOCKTIMEOUT — Sets the amount of time, in seconds, that must pass after a lockﬁle was last

modiﬁed before Procmail will assume that the lockﬁle is simply old and can be deleted. The default

is 1024 seconds.

• LOGFILE — The location and ﬁle to contain any Procmail informational or error messages.

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 213

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