Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Scaricare il pdf (Pagina 38)

38 Chapter 2. The /proc File System

cpu0 0 0

cpu1 11 3

• cwd — A symlink to the current working directory for the process.

• environ — Gives a list of the environment variables for the process. The environment variable is

given in all upper-case characters, and the value is in lower-case characters.

• exe — A symlink to the executable of this process.

• fd — A directory containing all of the ﬁle descriptors for a particular process. These are given in

numbered links:

total 0

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 0 -> /dev/null

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 1 -> /dev/null

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 2 -> /dev/null

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 3 -> /dev/ptmx

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 4 -> socket:[7774817]

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 5 -> /dev/ptmx

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 6 -> socket:[7774829]

lrwx------ 1 root root 64 May 8 11:31 7 -> /dev/ptmx

• maps — Contains memory maps to the various executables and library ﬁles associated with this

process. This ﬁle can be rather long, depending upon the complexity of the process, but sample

output from the sshd process begins like this:

08048000-08080000 r-xp 00000000 03:05 226209 /usr/sbin/sshd

08080000-08082000 rw-p 00037000 03:05 226209 /usr/sbin/sshd

08082000-080c3000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0

40000000-40016000 r-xp 00000000 03:05 304721 /lib/ld-2.2.2.so

40016000-40017000 rw-p 00015000 03:05 304721 /lib/ld-2.2.2.so

40017000-40018000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0

40019000-4001b000 r-xp 00000000 03:05 144433 /lib/security/pam_stack.so

4001b000-4001c000 rw-p 00001000 03:05 144433 /lib/security/pam_stack.so

• mem — The memory held by the process.

• root — A link to the root directory of the process.

• stat — A status of the process.

• statm — A status of the memory in use by the process. Sample statm ﬁles look like this:

140 72 63 22 0 50 22

The seven columns relate to different memory statistics for the process. In order of how they are

displayed, from right to left, they report different aspects of the memory used:

1. Total program size, in kilobytes

2. Size of memory portions, in kilobytes

3. Number of pages that are shared

4. Number of pages are code

5. Number of pages of data/stack

6. Number of pages of library

7. Number of dirty pages

• status — Provides the status of the process in a form that is much more readable than stat or

statm. Sample output for sshd looks similar to this:

Name: sshd

State: S (sleeping)

Pid: 14466

1 2 ... 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ... 281 282

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 38

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