Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Scaricare il pdf (Pagina 3)

Table of Contents

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................vii

1. Finding Appropriate Documentation ..................................................................................vii

1.1. Documentation For First-Time Linux Users.......................................................viii

1.2. For the More Experienced ....................................................................................ix

1.3. Documentation for Linux Gurus............................................................................ x

2. Document Conventions......................................................................................................... x

3. Using the Mouse .................................................................................................................xii

4. Copying and Pasting Text With X......................................................................................xiii

5. More to Come ....................................................................................................................xiii

5.1. We Need Feedback! ............................................................................................xiii

6. Sign Up for Support ...........................................................................................................xiii

I. System Reference........................................................................................................................... xv

1. File System Structure.......................................................................................................... 17

1.1. Why Share a Common Structure?........................................................................ 17

1.2. Overview of File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) .......................................... 17

1.3. Special File Locations.......................................................................................... 21

2. The /proc File System ...................................................................................................... 23

2.1. A Virtual File System........................................................................................... 23

2.2. Top-Level Files in /proc .................................................................................... 24

2.3. Directories in /proc............................................................................................ 37

2.4. Using sysctl ...................................................................................................... 52

2.5. Additional Resources........................................................................................... 52

3. Boot Process, Init, and Shutdown ....................................................................................... 55

3.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 55

3.2. Behind the Scenes of the Boot Process................................................................ 55

3.3. Sysconﬁg Information.......................................................................................... 61

3.4. Init Runlevels ....................................................................................................... 73

3.5. Running Programs at Boot Time ......................................................................... 74

3.6. Shutting Down ..................................................................................................... 74

3.7. Differences in the Boot Process of Other Architectures ...................................... 75

4. GRUB.................................................................................................................................. 77

4.1. Deﬁning GRUB.................................................................................................... 77

4.2. Terminology ......................................................................................................... 79

4.3. Interfaces.............................................................................................................. 81

4.4. Commands ........................................................................................................... 82

4.5. The Menu Conﬁguration File............................................................................... 83

4.6. Additional Resources........................................................................................... 84

5. The ext3 File System .......................................................................................................... 87

5.1. Features of ext3.................................................................................................... 87

5.2. Creating an ext3 File System ............................................................................... 87

5.3. Converting to an ext3 File System ....................................................................... 90

5.4. Reverting to an ext2 File System ......................................................................... 90

6. Users and Groups................................................................................................................ 93

6.1. Tools for User and Group Administration ........................................................... 93

6.2. Standard Users ..................................................................................................... 93

6.3. Standard Groups................................................................................................... 94

6.4. User Private Groups ............................................................................................. 96

6.5. Shadow Utilities................................................................................................... 97

7. X Servers and Clients.......................................................................................................... 99

7.1. The Power of X.................................................................................................... 99

7.2. The XFree86 Server............................................................................................. 99

7.3. Desktop Environments and Window Managers................................................. 104

7.4. Runlevels............................................................................................................ 105

7.5. Fonts................................................................................................................... 107

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... 281 282

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Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Guida di Installazione Pagina 3

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